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What is Witchcraft?

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Witchcraft

And the Origin of Magickal Degrees

During the early years of the Spanish Inquisition, and continuing throughout the witchcraft trials of all of Europe, the severity of the crime the accused person was being punished for was seperated into "Degrees". According to the Malleus Malleficarum, which was written in 1484 by Heinrich Kramer and James Sprenger, two Dominican monks:

“To sum up our conclusions on this matter, it is to be said that, following the above distinctions, those who are suspected of the heresy of witchcraft are separated into three categories, since some are lightly, some strongly, and some gravely suspected. Those who have been found to rest under a probable suspicion, they should prove their innocence by a fitting purgation. They are to be stricken with the sword of anathema as a worthy satisfaction in the sight of all men.”

This was just the beginning. For small offenses, called “The Punishment,” the accused was subjected to the whipping or scourging, the stocks and public humiliation. The second, called “The Torture,” was for more serious crimes. This could entail milder versions of torture such as increased beatings, starvation, the rack and the threat of excommunication. The last, called “The Ordeal,” was hard core torture. Various implements were used such as dunking, the iron maiden, the witch's cradle, thumbscrews and the like. The actual phrase; “Give them the third degree” comes from this time, when in court, if the accused would not repent, this is what they would hear. The Ordeal ended when the accused was “Put to the Question.” This was when, if the accused was still alive and refused to confess, the Inquisitors would either choose a method of torture for death or burn them alive in an effort to save their soul.

It is interesting that our own degree system has evolved from such horrific times in our history. The obvious similarities between them are hard to deny. The First Degree in witchcraft includes a symbolic “beating” and denouncing old ways. We struggle through that first phase in the craft, reforming ideas and suffering through our own personal demons. Conceivably it is not too far-fetched in my opinion to call this a “punishment” of sorts. The Second Degree includes more of the first, the cleansing of our old thoughts and ideas, the “torture” of growth and change. The Third Degree, or The Ordeal that we endure is the final outcome, the symbolic nature of our journey in which we choose our “death” rather than resume average life. We choose the ways of the Goddess and God and would die for them. We protect our laws and secrets on pain of death. We journey to the underworld and experience our trial by fire.

The following text is a general breakdown of how the Degree system operates in most modern circles.

Most Wiccan/Witchcraft traditions have the required “year and a day” trial period, which may be further broken down into two periods. The "Pre-Dedication" period of the initiate is the time when the newcomer has made no commitment to either the practice of the "Craft" or to becoming an active, regular member of the circle. The newcomer's participation is restricted to the status of a visitor/guest. You are basically free to interact with the circle members and ask questions, observe "open" rituals and begin deciding whether Witchcraft in general, and specifically your particular circle, are right for you. You will be encouraged to read and study material as may be suggested by the High Pristess and members of the circle, particularly as it may pertain to the "tradition" that your perspective circle follows. Believe me when I say that the number of various major traditions are nearly as countless as the sands upon the sea, and that does not even begin to include the sub-variations and eclectic traditions.

If you choose to take the next step, you may petition the High Priestess of the circle to become a "Dedicant". At this stage, you have decided that Witchcraft is right for you and you are willing to commit yourself to the Goddess. The High Priestess may require that you answer a series of questions designed to test your level of understanding and motivation for taking this next step. Questions which may be asked might include things such as What does Witchcraft mean to you? Who or what is the Goddess and the Horned God?
What does worshipping the Goddess/God mean to you? What is the Three-Fold Law and how does it apply to you in everyday life? What does "Dedication" mean to you and why are you doing it at this time? What are your responsibilities as a "Dedicant"? What are your responsibilities as a member of the circle?

Having met with your High Priestess and discussing your answers, your next step is the "Dedication" ritual. You have made your commitment to the Goddess, and now your settling period truly begins. Following the Dedication ritual, you are considered a serious student, although your final acceptance is tenative until you actually receive your "First Degree" initiation. Prior to your First Degree, your presence at some activities may still be restricted. This is the time that you prepare for your “First Degree.” During this period, you are generally allowed to attend all but the most closed of circle activities and you are encouraged to interact openly and even more closely with other circle members.

As you attend circle ritual and classes, you will quickly adjust to the methods and attitudes of the High Priestess and other circle members. You will learn how the circle functions and who does what. And once again, the High Priestess may have a series of questions for you to answer to help guide you toward your First Degree initiation.

For instance, you may be asked to give your understanding of various terms, such as religion, philosophy, clergy, worship, dedication, church, ritual, meditation, prayer, etc. You may be asked what you consider to be your responsibilities as a First Degree, and what you consider to be the responsibilities of the High Priestess and the High Priest of the coven. You may be asked again to tell who, what and why you think the Goddess is/are, and what the Great Rite is, and why it is enacted today.

Having answered these questions, and meeting the approval of the High Priestess and the circle, you have arrived at your "First Degree". This is considered a symbolic “death and rebirth,” with the initiate proving his/her sincerity by leaving his/her former identity behind. It may involve a ritualistic bathing, binding, “scourging”, and a blade being held over the heart. This first year is initially a year of study, striving through personal blocks and dis-harmonies in the Witch’s life. During your tenure as a First Degree, you are carefully guided and trained by the High Priestess and the circle members, understanding that you are not to conduct any ritual or magickal acts without the express permission of the High Priestess. This is a year of learning only, doing will come later. This is predicated on the premise that during your tenure as a First Degree, the High Priestess accepts full responsibility for all acts that you may perform. This is a very serious commitment on her part, and it is not taken lightly. Should you decide to violate this rule and practice without permission, all karmic consequences of your acts will be held against her. Should this ever come to pass, you can rest asured that your days with that High Priestess and that circle will terminate immediately!

The Second Degree is received when you have learned the tradition you are following well enough to duplicate it, in ritual and form. The Second Degree allows you the opportunity to initiate and work magick unsupervised, and participate in circle with a firm knowledge of ritual construction and execution. This may include creating an actual ritual from scratch, and then performing that ritual within the circle. This may include performing some of the ritualistic acts for the High Priest or Priestess during the ritual. The emphasis of the Second Degree is that you are now recognized as being ready and able to work by yourself without supervision or permission. The Second Degree means that power and responsibility are now attached to your degree. Upon approval of your initiation to Second Degree, the High Priestess acknowledges your accomplishments during your tenure as a First Degree, and now publicly recognizes your ability to act for yourself. The High Priestess no longer assumes any responsibility for you or your acts. Upon Second Degree initiation, you are on your own. At this time you are solely answerable for your actions to the Goddesses and Gods themselves. You have proven your trustworthiness, your knowledge, and your abilities.

The Third Degree is usually considered the final degree. You now may now take on the responsibility for another. At this stage, if you choose to you may work towards High Priest or Priestess. You may hive off at any time and create your own coven. As a High Priestess or High Priest of a new coven, you may initiate those who desire it and meet your approval. In this final “promotion,” you assume the right to perform The Great Rite, either literally or symbolically. The Great Rite is a divine, sexual connection to the Gods and is considered very sacred.

 




































The Craft (Witchcraft - NOT to be confused with Satanism. A true Witch has nothing to do with this, even though there are some Satanists who un-rightfully call themselves "Witch") contains a large number of groups with bonds to each other, for the most part, which are looser than those you will find between Christian churches. Each has it's own traditions, it's own beliefs, it's own pantheon, etc. So just what is it that, overall, a Witch believes in? The American Council of Witches was formed to determine what it was that all Witches have in common, belief-wise. In the early 1970's, a paper was released with their findings, and gives a good overall picture of it. The following is the text of that paper.

 

 

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF THE CRAFT

1. The first principle is that of love, and it is expressed in the ethic,"DO AS YOU WILL, SO LONG AS YOU HARM NONE"
a) love is not emotional in it's essence, but is an attribute of the individual as expressed in relation to other beings;
b) harming others can be by thought, word, or deed;
c) it is to be understood the "none" includes oneself;
d) the harm which is to be regarded as unethical is gratuitous harm; war, in general, is gratuitous harm, although it is ethical to defend oneself and one's liberty when threatened by real and present danger, such as defense against invasion.

2. The Witch must recognize and harmonize with the forces of the universe, in accord with the Law of Polarity: everything is dual; everything has two poles; everything has it's opposite; for every action there is a reaction;all can be categorized as either active or reactive in relation to other things.
a) Godhead is one unique and transcendent wholeness, beyond any limitations or expressions; thus, it is beyond our human capacity to understand and identify with this principle of Cosmic Oneness, except as It is revealed to us in terms of It's attributes and operation.
b) The most basic and meaningful attribute of the One that we, as humans, can relate to and understand, is that of polarity, of action and reac-tion; therefore Witches recognize the Oneness of the Divinity, but worship and relate to the Divine as the archetypal polarity of God and Goddess, the All-Father and the Great Mother of the universe. The Beings are as near as we can approach to the One within our human limitations of understanding and expression, though it is possible to
experience the divine Oneness through the practices of the Mysteries.
c) Harmony does not consist of the pretty and the nice, but the balanced, dynamic, poised co-operation and co-relation.

3. The Witch must recognize, and operate within the framework of the Law of Cause and Effect; every action has it's reaction, and every effect has it's cause. All things occur according to this law; nothing in the universe can occur outside this law, though we may not always appreciate the relation between a given effect and it's cause. Subsidiary to this is the Law of Three, which states that whatever goes forth must return threefold, whether of good or ill; for our actions affect more than people generally realize, and the resulting reactions are also part of the
harvest.

4. As Above, So Below. That which exists in the Macrocosm exists, on a smaller scale and to a lesser degree, in the Microcosm. The powers of the universe exist also in the human, though in general instance they lie dormant. The powers and abilities can be awakened and used if the proper techniques are practiced, and this is why initiates of the Mysteries are sworn to guard the secrets from the unworthy: Much harm can be done by those who have power without responsibility, both to others and to themselves according to the Laws of Cause and Effect and of Threefold Return.
a) Since our philosophy teaches that the universe is the physical manifestation of the Divine, there can be nothing in the universe which does not partake of the nature of the Divine; hence, the powers and attributes of the Divine exist also in the manifest, though to much smaller degree.
b) These powers can be awakened through the various techniques of the Mysteries, and, although they are only capable of small effects in and of themselves, it is possible to use them in order to draw upon the forces of the universe. Thus humanity can be the wielders of the power of the Gods, a channel for Godhead to act within It's own manifestation. This, then, is further reason for the oath of secrecy.
c) Since the universe is the body of the One, possessing the same attributes as the One, it's Laws must be the principles through and by which the One operates. By reasoning from the known to the unknown, one can learn of the Divine, and thus of oneself. Thus the Craft is a natural religion, seeing in Nature the expression and revelation of Divinity.

5. We know that everything in the universe is in movement or vibration and is a function of that vibration. Everything vibrates; all things rise and fall in a tidal system that reflects the motion inherent in the universe and also in the atom. Matter and energy are but two poles of one continuous phenomenon. Therefore the Witch celebrates, harmonizes with, and makes use of the tides of the universe and of life as expressed through the cycle of the seasons and the motion of the solar system. These ritual observances are the eight great Festivals of the Year, referred to as the Wheel of the Year. Further, the Witch works with the forces and tides of the Moon, for this body is the mediator of much energy to our planet Earth and thus to ourselves.

6. Nothing is dead matter in the universe. All things exist, therefore all things live, though perhaps in a different manner from that which we are used to calling life. In view of this, the Witch knows that there is no true death, only change from one condition to another. The universe is the body of Godhead, and therefore possesses one transcendent consciousness; all things partake of the consciousness, in varying levels of trance/awareness.
a) Because of this principle, all things are sacred to the Witch, for all partake of the one Life.
b) Therefore the Witch is a natural ecologist, for Nature is part of us as we are a part of Nature.

7. Astrology can be useful in marking and interpreting the flow and ebb of the tides of our solar system, and thus of making use of those tides; astrology should not be debased into mere fortune-telling.

8. Throughout the development of the human race, civilizations have seen and worshiped many and various attributes of the Divine. These universal forces have been clothed in forms which were expressive to the worshiper of the attribute of the Godhead which they expressed. Use of these symbolic representations of the natural and divine forces of the universe, or god-forms, is a potent method for contacting and utilizing the forces they represent. Thus the Gods are both natural and truly divine, and man-made in that the forms with which they are clothed are products of humanity's striving to know the Godhead.
a) In keeping with the Law of Polarity, these god-forms are brought into harmony by the one great Law which states: All Gods are one God. All Goddesses are one Goddess. There is one Initiator. This law is an expression of our understanding that all of the forces of the universe, by whatever ethnic god-form is chosen to clothe and relate to whichever force, can be resolved into the fundamental polarity of the Godhead, the Great Mother and the All-Father.
b) It is the use of differing god-forms, of differing ethnic sources or periods, which is the basis of many of the differences between the various Traditions of the Craft. Each Tradition uses the forms, and thus the names, which to that Tradition best express and awaken an understanding of the force represented, according to the areas of emphasis of the Tradition.
c) Because we know that differing names or representations are but expressions of the same divine principles and forces, we require our members to swear that they will never mock the names by which another honors the Divine, even though those names be different from and seemingly less expressive than the names and god-forms used by our Tradition (for to the members of another Tradition, using it's names, ours may easily seem equally less expressive).

9. A Witch refuses to allow her/himself to be corrupted by the great guilt neuroses which have been foisted on humanity in the name of the Divine, thus freeing the self of the slavery of the mind. The Witch expresses responsibility for her/his actions, and accepts the consequences of them; guilt is rejected as inhibiting to one's self-actualization, and replaced by the efforts of the Witch to obey the teachings of harmlessness, responsibility for the consequences of one's actions, and the goal of actualizing the full powers of the individual.
a) We refuse to believe that a human being is born innately sinful, and recognize the the concepts of sin and guilt are tremendously inhibiting to the human potential; the consequences of the Law of Cause and Effect, called karma by some, are not punishment, but the recurrences of situations and their effects because the individual as not gained the Wisdom needed to handle or avoid such situations.
b) There is no heaven except that which we ourselves make of our life on Earth, and likewise there is no hell except the effects of our unwise actions. Death is not followed by punishment or reward, but by life and the continuing evolution of the human potential.
c) One cannot damn the divine in oneself; one can, however, cut oneself off from it through the rejection of wisdom and a refusal to strive for self-realization. This cutting off does not lead to personal suffering in "hell", for there is no Self to suffer if the tie to one's own divinity has been severed; what remains is merely an empty shell, a "personality" or thought-form devoid of it's ensouling Spark of the Divine Fire.

10. We know of the existence of the life-force which ensouls all living things, that is, all that exists. We know that a spark of this Divine Fire is within each and every thing that exists, and that it does not die; only the form of it's existence changes. We know that this spark of the life-force returns to manifestation again and again in order to fully realize and actualize it's potential, evolving finally to the peak and essence of existence which is pure be-ing. In this process of reincarnation each form returns in the same type of form, though it's ever-increasing actualization may lead to higher levels of existence of that form. Man returns as man, cat as feline, mineral as mineral, each class of form evolving as the individual forms of that class evolve.

11. This process of evolution through successive incarnations in manifest form works through the utilizations of wisdom gained, the essence of the life-experience. This essence of experience, or Wisdom, is an attribute of the spark of life itself, one and inseparable (see 9a).

12. We must care for the body, for it is the vehicle of the spark of life, the form by which we attain. Thus we must heal the body of it's ills and keep it a tuned and perfected tool; so must we heal others (both physically and psychologically) as far as it is within our power to do so. However, we cannot interfere with the life of another, even to heal, except at their request or with their express permission; unless such non-interference would be inhibiting to our own, ethical existence and development -- and
even then the responsibilities and consequences must be understood and accepted. This, then, is one of the important reasons for the communal life the Witches under the guidance of the Priesthood: That the group may be guided by wisdom and experience, with the aid and support of one's peers; and that one's actions may be guided by the influence of the ethical life of the group as a whole.

13. Harmony with, and utilization of, the great natural forces of the universe is called magick. By magick we speak, not of the supernatural, but of the superbly natural, but whose laws and applications are not as yet recognized by the scientific establishment. The Witch must strive to recognize these forces, learn their laws, attune her/himself to them, and make use of them. The Witch must also be aware that power corrupts when  used  only  for the gains of the self, and therefore must strive to serve humanity: Either through the service in the Priesthood, or by example and effects of his/her life on others. The choice must be made in accord with the true nature of the Witch.

 

 




























Our duty is to be useful, not according to our desires but
according to our powers.
--Henri F. Amiel, Swiss writer (1821-1881)